W moich zbiorach znajduje się pewne zdjęcie. Stoisko z książkami na targach we Frankfurcie nad Menem w 1999 r. Z przejęciem pokazuję Prof. Władysławowi Bartoszewskiemu jedną z publikacji. Obok nas dyrektor Instytutu Polskiego w Darmstadt, prof. Dieter Bingen. To moje pierwsze spotkanie z Prof. Bartoszewskim. Znałem już wtedy wiele Jego książek na czele z „Warto być przyzwoitym”. W przyszłości będziemy jeszcze wielokrotnie rozmawiać.
Jednym z tematów historycznych, który w relacjach polsko-niemieckich często się pojawia, jest II wojna światowa i jej skutki. Tak było w pierwszych dekadach po wojnie, tak jest też i dzisiaj. Tamte wydarzenia wpłynęły w zdecydowany sposób na oba narody i przez dziesięciolecia warunkowały ich wzajemne relacje. Odczuwalne było to na płaszczyźnie politycznej, ale i w doświadczeniach zwykłych ludzi. Niemal każda rodzina po obu stronach Odry została w mniejszym lub większym stopniu naznaczona przez tamtą wojnę. Bezpośrednia pamięć o niej w ostatnich latach staje się coraz słabsza wskutek odchodzenia świadków i uczestników wojennych wydarzeń. Pamięć „komunikacyjna“ ustępuje miejsca „kulturowej“ . Następuje pogłębienie procesu przekształceń obrazu wojny i pamięci o niej. Służą temu m. in. duże projekty muzealne. Ustąpienie dyrektora niemieckiej Fundacji „Ucieczka, Wypędzenie, Pojednanie“ na nowo postawiło pytanie o niemiecką pamięć o II wojnie światowej, przymusowych migracjach i sposobach pokazywania tej tematyki.
ChipMixer is one of its kind and requires special mention. It supports Bitcoin cryptocurrency and is clearly unknown on the point of no logs policy. It requires a deposit of at least 0.01 BTC and the transaction fee is 2% along with the 0.0004 BTC network fee. It supports multiple addresses of up to 10 and requires confirmation of 1. No registration is required and it does not offer a referral program. However, the letter of guarantee is provided.
Mycryptomixer is a Bitcoin mixer that processes Bitcoin and Bitcoin Cash transactions. The site offers a referral program for new users and supports multiple recipient addresses. Transaction fees start at 0.5% plus an extra 0.0001 BTC for each extra address added.
BitMix is one of the most pocket-friendly, easy to use and customizable Bitcoin laundry platforms in the industry. The user-interface is extremely simple and clean, anyone who has never before used any such service too can navigate around and tumble Bitcoins easily. No registration is required to mix Bitcoins on Blender.io Its “delay” feature lets you set delays from 1-24 hours which increases your anonymity by providing a gap between the deposited coins and the outgoing ones. As for the fee, it’s dynamic, meaning you get to choose the amount of fee you’d like to pay, the minimum fee being 0.5% and the maximum being 2.5% with an additional 0.0005%/address. It’s also one of the rare platforms which provides you with a mixing code which makes sure your previous coins do not get mixed with your newer deposits if you do multiple deposits to the tumbler. The minimum amount you can mix is 0.001BTC while there’s no specific maximum amount as their Bitcoin reserve seems to be quite large. It also has a No Logs Policy and all data is instantly deleted as soon as a transaction is complete; and as for the number of confirmations required it’s 3 for your deposit to be mixed by BitMix It supports 8 addresses for each mix so you can further increase your anonymity. In a nutshell, it gives you the power to choose, is fast, anonymous and totally worth a try. It also supports Segwit and bech32 Addresses, with some terms attached. For e.g. only witness version bech32 addresses are supported. Similarly, only the addresses starting with the number “3” are supported.
Bitcoin Mixer runs on the Darknet and is one of the most popular Bitcoin toggle switches. This dark service uses new technology, it doesn’t just clean up your coins, you get brand new coins that have never been on the dark web. The cleaning process can take no more than 4 hours. To carry out cleaning on Helix in the basic version of Grams, you need to register, in the versions of Helix Light and Helix Market this is not necessary. If you still decide to use the Grams version, you will have to pay an entrance fee of 0.01 BTC. Helix has an additional feature (Auto-Helix) that allows you to specify which addresses your coins will be mixed with when they are credited to your account. Helix also enforces a “no log” policy, all logs are deleted automatically after 7 days or by the user immediately after completion of the output. Helix has a third party server not connected to Grams. A number of Bitcoin client programs that he uses are located on a completely separate server from Helix and Grams. Even if Grams is attacked or compromised, Helix will not be affected.
Coinomize supports Bitcoin cryptocurrency bearing no logs policy. It requires a minimum deposit of 0.001 BTC and the transaction fee is 0.5–3%. It supports multiple addresses of up to 10 and requires confirmation. No registration is required and it does offer a referral program. Letter of guarantee is provided.
How it works: unlike other mixers, this site cleans coins with bitcoins purchased by them on cryptocurrency exchanges. CryptoMixer.io io examines purchased coins using a scoring system with innovative algorithms and the use of technologies such as blockchain volume analysis, cluster analysis, pollution analysis, etc. After that, you will receive your BTC back, divided into random parts, and even sent in different addresses, if necessary. The whole process takes about 6 hours. The mixer does not require registration and does not store any logs. After each mixing operation, a letter of guarantee is sent, and information about it is eliminated after 24 hours, ensuring complete anonymity. The service also provides round-the-clock technical support. MixTum io charges a flat fee of 5% of the transaction, as well as a network fee of 0.00015 BTC. The program has two versions – for regular browsers and Tor.
Let’s take a look at another one of the leading bitcoin mixers which is incredibly easy to operate. SmartMixer has a straightforward interface and it is worth mentioning that the service fee is the lowest possible, it is 0.0% with 0.0002 BTC per extra address. Retention period is 7 days when it is easy for a user to manually remove all the logs which are saved for this period because of any future transaction-related problems. There is a time-delay feature, however, it is not possible to be controlled by a user but the mixing platform only.
Bitcoin Laundry is one of the most reputable and most user-friendly (in terms of the process and the rate of the fees per transaction) Bitcoin mixing platform available for users right now. It offers a straightforward process and flexible service fees that can be determined by the users themselves, depending on the service that they want.
MixTum works by removing the link between your old and current addresses. Since the mixer destroys any connection between them, your traces of transactions and your identity become untraceable. The main advantage is the low commission. Bitcoin Laundry is a donation platform. They charge no service fees, only a transaction fee of 0.0002 BTC to the exit address, while transactions from 0.0005 to 38 BTC are supported. You can set 5 addresses and specify what percentage of the total amount will be returned to each address. You can select predefined or random payment delays for each address, making it even more difficult to track the transaction. Bitcoin Laundry boasts a “no log” retention period policy and also allows users to manually delete logs with just one click if they wish.
Bitcoinmixer.io bitcoin mixer is one of the few that allows large-volume transactions. The minimum size for a mixing operation is 0.001 BTC, any amount below this level is considered a donation and is not sent back to the client, there is no maximum transfer limit. The minimum commission is 0.5% with an additional fee of 0.0005 BTC for each incoming transaction. During the transaction, you will receive a letter of guarantee, as in all previously mentioned mixers.
One of the most currency-rich mixers in the industry, letting us Mix not just Bitcoin but Litecoin, Bitcoin Cash and Ethereum (coming soon) is what Blender bitcoin is. Also flaunts probably the most colourful and easy to use Interfaces I’ve ever seen. Provides 100% Control to users regarding every aspect of the mix. As in, users control the exact amount of fee (to the 4th decimal point!), the exact time-delay (by the minute and not just hours) and also the Percentage distribution. It’s transparent and even has a “fee calculator” which displays the exact amount of funds a user would receive on each additional address, as well as the total service and the address-fee. Maximum 8 total output addresses allowed. The minimum service fee a user can pay is 1%, with the maximum being 5%. The additional address fee is 0.00045529 BTC, 0.01072904 LTC, and 0.00273174 BCH for Bitcoin, Litecoin and Bitcoin Cash respectively. Has three fund-pools, and they all have funds from different sources in them which have different levels of anonymity. Does have a “No Logs Policy”. No registration required.
Bestmixer is a Bitcoin mixing service that provides privacy by using the ‘Bitcoin Mixer 2.0’ algorithm to shuffle bitcoins. Unlike other similar tumbling services that mix your coins with the coins of other users, this platform mixes your crypto with the crypto bought by them directly from the cryptocurrency stock exchanges. Bestmixer verifies the newly purchased coins with a scoring system with the help of innovative algorithms and outfoxes such technologies as blockchain volume analysis, cluster analysis, taint analysis, etc. It means that you will receive your BTC back split into random parts, and even at the different addresses if needed. Consequently, your privacy is protected as there is no connection to you. And it takes up to 6 hours to complete your request. Another privacy feature of this mixer service is that it does not require registration and it does not store logs. All the transactions are digitally signed with letters of guarantee that you can check on the website at any moment. They also provide 24/7 technical support. MixTum.io will charge you a 5% Fee from your transaction as well as a network fee of 0.00015 BTC. The platform provides two versions – for Clearnet and Tor browsers.
It is a simple service with a high level of anonymity. The CoinMixer mixing process is very simple and only takes a couple of minutes. You need to select one of the three supported cryptocurrencies (Bitcoin, Litecoin, Bitcoin Cash), enter the withdrawal address, set the transaction delay for any time up to 72 hours, send the coins to the specified address and wait for their delivery to the destination. This site is unlike the other three mixing pools. You can mix user’s coins: with incoming coins of other customers, private reserves of the service and investor coins. The service does not require registration. The mixing commission is not large and is taken from the mining commission, which is very convenient. The referral program at SmartMixer is one of the most profitable, during the first mixing operation you receive a smart code that is required to receive a discount on the commission, this discount can reach – 70%. After each transaction, the user receives a letter of guarantee. All data about it is deleted after a day, while maintaining the complete anonymity of the client.
W najbliższą środę (10 września) prezydent RP, Bronisław Komorowski wygłosi przed niemieckim parlamentem, Bundestagem, przemówienie z okazji 75. rocznicy wybuchu II wojny światowej. Jest to bardzo ważne wydarzenie. Nie często zdarza się, by Bundestag zapraszał zagranicznych gości. Przed prezydentem Komorowskim w niemieckim parlamencie przemawiało trzech innym Polaków. Byli to (chronologicznie) prof. prof. Władysław Bartoszewski (1995), Bronisław Geremek (2002) oraz Feliks Tych (2010). Każde z tych wystąpień było ważnym wydarzeniem, referenci podejmowali kluczowe zagadnienia związane z niemiecką przeszłością, zwracali też uwagę na przyszłość relacji polsko-niemieckich. Wspólne dla tych trzech mówców było doświadczenie II wojny światowej. Każdy z nich należał do generacji tzw. świadków, z tej perspektywy podejmował problemy napaści Niemiec hitlerowskich na Polskę, polityki okupacyjnej, skutków II wojny światowej i stanu relacji polsko-niemieckich. Po raz pierwszy w niemieckim Bundestagu będzie przemawiać prezydent Polski, reprezentant pierwszego pokolenia powojennego. Jest to, jak się wydaje, ogromna szansa, by nie tylko nawiązać do losów Polski i Polaków okresu wojny, lecz także wskazać główne kierunki rozwoju relacji polsko-niemieckich w przyszłości. Czy tak się stanie, będziemy mogli się już wkrótce przekonać, wystąpienie prezydenta Komorowskiego będzie można śledzić na bieżąco, m.in. w internecie po polsku i niemiecku.
(więcej…)
Na początek krótkie wyjaśnienie. Poniższy tekst początkowo zamieściłem po niemiecku. Dedykowałem go jednemu z niemieckich przyjaciół Hansowi Golombkowi. Przed kilku dniami odebrał on w Ambasadzie RP w Berlinie odznaczenie resortowe Ministerstwa Spraw Zagranicznych \”Bene Merito\”. Odznaczenie to przyznaje się obywatelom polskim i obcokrajowcom za szczególne zasługi dla poprawy wizerunku Polski zagranicą. Na próbę niektórych czytelników zamieszczam tłumaczenie tego tekstu. Liczę, że zwłaszcza ostatnia część może być interesująca. Ciekaw jestem reakcji.
Heute wird in der polnischen Botschaft unser Freund, der langjährige Leiter der Vertretung des DAAD in Warschau und zuletzt Referatsleiter Ostmitteleuropa beim DAAD, Hans Golombek, die Ehrenmedaille „Bene Merito” des polnischen Außenministers Radosław Sikorski bekommen. Sie wird an polnische Staatsbürger und Ausländer für besondere Verdienste verliehen. Anlässlich der Auszeichnung ist mein Kollege Prof. Marek Zybura um die Laudatio und ich um die Übernahme eines Kurzreferates über die aktuellen Fragen der deutsch-polnischen Beziehungen gebeten worden. Diesen Wunsch sind wir gerne nachgegangen. Meinen Text finden Sie unten. Der Titel lautet: „Um ein neues Paradigma in den deutsch-polnischen Beziehungen”.
professor of modern history, blogger - @blogihistoria and podcaster - @2hist1mikr. Personal opinion
